Товч агуулга:This pioneering study examines the origin, development, and transformation of the Ch’ing policy toward the Manchurian frontier and describes its relation to the dynastic interest and the political requirements of a multinational empire. Robert Lee analyzes in detail the three major political instruments of the Ch’ing policy: the banner forces, the tributary system, and the frontier bureaucracy. He also recounts the sinicization of Manchuria and outlines the late nineteenth-century reorganization of the frontier administration. He concludes with a general assessment of the Ch’ing policy and its basic element: the maintenance of ethnic equilibrium.
